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-±db¡ch±É¢h¡t Ql-pt-k¡v-¨c-p®s¤ h¤Yv
 -Q-l-pt-k¡v-¨c-p®s¤
(1947 BL-o®×® 15 h¤Yv 1964 ©hi® 27 l¨j)
- -B-a¬-±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢. Y¤-Tt-µ-i¡-i¢ G×-l¤« J¥-T¤-Yv c¡w B o®Z¡-c-·¢-j¤-¼-i¡w.-
1947 B-L-o®×® 15 ¨Y¡-¶® 1964 ©hi® 27 l¨j (17 ltn« A-Zl¡ 6131 a¢-l-o«) Ak-p-f¡-a¢v
1889 cl«-ft c¡-k¢-c® Qc¢µ ¨c-p®s¤ 1964 ©hi® 27 c® ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-i¡-i¢-j¢-©´
hj-X-h-T-º¤. Cɬ-¨i J-¨Ù-·v, ©k¡-J-O-j¢-±Y¡-l-©k¡-Jc« Y¤-T-¹¢i D-Q®Q§-k-±L-c®Z-¹-q¤-¨T
Jt-·¡-l¤« ±d-L-k®g l¡-L®h¢-i¤-h¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. ©k¡J j¡-n®±T£-i-·¢v ©O-j¢-©Oj¡
±d-o®Z¡-c« o¦-n®T¢-µ-l-j¢-¨k¡-j¡w.- 1955 v g¡-j-Y-j-Y®c« cvJ¢ Ba-j¢-µ¤.
 L¤v-o¡-j¢-k¡v
cz
(1964 ©hi® 27 h¤Yv Q¥x 9 l¨j. 1966 Qc¤-lj¢ 11 h¤-Yv 24 l¨j)
- -Y¢-Jº L¡-c®b¢-i-c¡i C©Àp« jÙ¤-l¶« Y¡v-´¡-k¢J ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-i¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤.
¨c-p®s¤ h-j¢-µ-i¤-T¨c 14 a¢-l-o-l¤«,- k¡v fp-a¥t m¡-o®±Y¢ h-j¢-µ-©¸¡w
h¨×¡-j¤ 14 a¢-l-o-l¤«,- o¢-i¡v-©´¡-¶¢v (C-©¸¡w,- d¡-J¢-o®Z¡-c¢v-) 1898
Q¥-k¡-i® c¡-k¢-c® Qc¢µ cz, 1998 Qc¤-lj¢ 15c® AÉ-j¢-µ¤. ¨Y¡-r¢-k¡-q¢ ±d-o®Z¡-c-·¢-¨Ê
h¤-¼-X¢-©¸¡-j¡-q¢-i¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. 1997 v g¡-j-Y-j-Y®c« kg¢-µ¤.
 k¡v fp-a¥t
m¡-o®±Y¢
(1964 Q¥x 9 h¤Yv 1966 Qc¤-lj¢ 11 l¨j)
- -±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-h¡-j¢-¨k kq¢-Y-c¤« ot-á-o-½-Y-c¤-h¡i hc¤-n¬u.- ¨c-p®s¤-l¢-¨Ê
h-j-X-¨·-·¤-Tt-¼® A±d-Y£-È¢-Y-h¡-i¡-X® ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ d-a-·¢v F·¢-i-¨Y-Æ¢-k¤«
O¤-j¤-¹¢i J¡-k«-¨J¡-Ù® m¡-o®±Y¢ Qc-p¦-a-i-¹-q¢v CT« d¢-T¢-µ¤. 1965 v
d¡-J¢-o®Z¡-¨c i¤-a®b-·¢v Y¤-j-·¢-iY® ±d-Y¢-O®P¡i lt-a®b¢-¸¢-µ¤. 1964 Q¥x 9
h¤Yv 1966 Qc¤-lj¢ 11 l¨j 582 a¢-lo« Cɬ gj¢-µ¤.
- 1904 HJ®©T¡-ft jÙ¢-c® J¡-m¢-i¢-k¡-X® Q-c-c«. sn¬-i¢-¨k Y¡-n®J-Ê¢v
Hª-©a¬¡-L¢J o-zt-m-c-·¢-c¢-¨T 1966 Qc¤-lj¢ 11 c® hj¢-µ¤.
 C-z¢-j¡-L¡-c®b¢
(1966 Qc¤-lj¢ 24 h¤Yv 1977 h¡t-µ® 24 l¨j. 1980 Qc¤-lj¢ 14 h¤Yv 1984 HJ®©T¡-ft
31 l¨j)
- -o«-g-l-f-p¤-k-l¤« l¢-l¡-a-d-j-l¤-h¡i gjX« c-T-·¢i ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢. 1966
Qc¤-lj¢ 24 hYv 1977 h¡t-µ® 24 l¨j-i¡-X® Ba¬-J¡-k-i-q-l®. CY¢-c¢-¨T ©J¡x-±Lo®
d¢-qt-¼. mÇ-h¡i fp¤-Q-c-h¤-©¼×« gi¼® A-T¢-i-É¢-j¡-l-o®Z ±d-K¬¡-d¢-µ¤. Cɬ
Oj¢-±Y-·¢-¨k Y¨¼ Js¤· Ab¬¡-i-·¢-¨Ê DT-h-i¡-i¢. ©J¡-TY¢ h¤-©K-c-i¤« CkÈu ©Y¡v-l¢
h¤-©K-c-i¤« A-d-h¡-c¢-Y-i¡-i-©mn« 1984 v mÇ-h¡i Y¢-j¢-µ¤-l-jl¤ c-T-·¢.
A¨´¡-¿« Qc¤-lj¢ 14 c® Ab¢-J¡-j-©h× Cz¢-j, H-J®©T¡-ft 31 c® ¨l-T¢-©i-פ-h-j¢-µ¤.
Ak-p-f¡-a¢v 1917 c-l«-ft 19 c® Ql-pt-k¡v ¨c-p®s¤-l¢-¨Ê hJ-q¡-i¢ d¢-s-¼®,
AO®P¨Ê ±m-a®b¡-d¥t-Xå-h¡i m¢-È-X-·¢-k¥-¨T ©J¡x-±L-o¢-¨Ê Ah-j-´¡-j¢-i¡i
C-z¢-j-i¤-¨T gj-X-©c-¶¹w c¢-j-l-b¢-i¡-X®.
- -Ba¬ AX¤-l¢-o®©e¡-T-c«, ±d¢-l¢ ©d-r®o® c¢t-·-k¡-´v, f¡Æ® ©a-m-o¡v-´-j-X«,
d¡-J¢-o®Z¡-¨c Y¤-j·¢ f«-Lë¡-©am® j¥-d£-J-j-X«, o¢«-k-J-j¡t Y¤-T-¹¢-il
AY¢v-¨¸-T¤-¼¤. H¸« Y¨¼-i¤-Ù® A-T¢-i-É¢-j¡-l-o®Z, H¡-¸-©snu f®q¥-o®×¡t
Y¤-T-¹¢i J-q-Æ-¹-q¤«.-
 ¨h¡-s¡t-Q¢
©a-m¡-i®
(1977 h¡t-µ® 24 h¤Yv 1979 Q¥-k¡-i® 28 l¨j)
- -B-a¬-¨· ©J¡x-±L-o¢-Yj ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢, A-T¢-i-É¢-j¡-l-o®Z-i®´¤-©mn« cT¼
Y¢-j-¨º-T¤-¸¢v ©a-m-l¬¡-d-J-h¡-i¤-Ù¡i Cz¢-j¡-l¢-j¤-a®b-Y-j«-L-·¢-k¡-X®
Q-c-Y¡-d¡t-¶¢ Llx-¨h-Ê¢-¨Ê Yk-l-c¡-i¢ ¨h¡-s¡t-Q¢ A-b¢-J¡-j-©h-×-Y®. h¤u-d®
¨c-p®s¤-l¢-¨Ê h±É¢-o-g-i¢v A«-L-h¡-i¢-j¤¼ Cª JT¤-J¶¢ L¡-c®b¢-iu 1977 h¡t-µ®
24 h¤-Yv 1979 Q¥-k¡-i® 28 l¨j 857 a¢-lo« gj¢-µ¤. g-j-X-J-È¢-i¢-¨k dT-k-¸¢-X´«
h¥-k-h¡-X® G¨s ±d-Y£-È-i¤-Xt-·¢i Qc-Y¡-L-lx-¨hÊ® c¢-k«-d-Y-µ-Y®.
- -L¤-Q-s¡-·¢-¨k fp-¨a-o®k¢ ±L¡-h-·¢v 1896 ¨e-±f¤-lj¢ 29 c® Qc¢µ ¨h¡-s¡t-Q¢,
1995 G±d¢v d-·¢-c® AÉ-j¢-µ¤. dri ©f¡«-¨f o«-o®Z¡c h¤-K¬-h-±É¢-i¡-i¢-j¢-¨´
ha¬-c¢-©j¡-bc« Gt-¨¸-T¤-·¢-i¡-X® ±m-a®©b-i¡-c-J¤-¼-Y®. h¥-±Y-O¢-J¢-Y®o
©d¡-k¤¾ L¤-Q-s¡-·¢ c¡Tu ±d-©i¡-L-¹-q¢-k¤« l¢-a-L®a®b-c¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. 1991 v
g¡-j-Y-j-Y®c« J¢-¶¢.
 Oª-bj¢ Ojx-o¢«-L®
(1979 Q¥-k¡-i® 28 h¤Yv 1980 Qc¤-lj¢ 14 l¨j)
- -D-·t-±d-©a-m¢v-c¢-¼¤¾ JtnJ ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢. 1979 Q¥-k¡-i¢ 28 h¤Yv 1980
Qc¤-lj¢ 14 l¨j 171 a¢-lo« ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-´-©o-j-i¢v Cj¤-¼¢-¶¤« Hj¤-l¶«
©d¡-k¤« d¡t-k-¨h-Ê¢-¨c ©c-j¢-©T-Ù¢-l-¼¢-¿.
- -A-b¢-J¡-j-©h×® a¢-l-o-¹w-´J« O¢k J-È¢-Jw d¢-ɤX d¢u-l-k¢-µ-Y¢-c¡v
¨J-it-©T´t ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ h¡-±Y-h¡-i¢ Y¤-T-j¤-J-i¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. h£-s×® Q¢-¿-i¢-¨k
c¥t-d¥-j¢v 1902 V¢-o«-ft 23 c¤ Qc¢µ O-jx-o¢«-L® Jt-n-J-j¤-¨T ©c-Y¡-l¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤.
1987 v h-j¢-µ¤.
 j¡-Q£-l®L¡-c®b¢
(1984 HJ®©T¡-ft 31 h¤Yv 1989 V¢-o«-ft 2 l¨j)
- -G-×-l¤« ±d¡-i«-J¤-sº ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢. ¨c-p®s¤-l¢-¨Ê ©d-j-´¤-¶¢-i¤« Cz¢-j-i¤-¨T
h¥-·-d¤-±Y-c¤-h¡i Cª ¨¨d-k-×®, A½ ¨J¡-¿-¨¸-¶-Y¢-¨c-·¤-Tt-¼® 41~¡«- li-oæ¢v
±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ d-a-©h-פ. d¢-¼£-T® 1985 ¨k ¨d¡-Y¤-Y¢-j-¨º-T¤-¸¢v ©J¡x-±L-o¢-c®
lu-l¢-Q-i-h¤-Ù¡-i¢. 1984 HJ®©T¡-ft 31 hYv 1989 V¢-o«-ft H¼¤-l¨j gj¢-µ¤. Jج¥-¶t
lv-´-j-X«, dÕ¡-i·® j¡Q® Y¤-T-¹¢i d¤-©j¡-L-h-c-d-j¢-d¡-T¢-J-q¢-¶¤. d©È
©f¡-©e¡-r®o® ©J¡-r-l¢-l¡-a-·¢v AJ-¨¸¶® 1989 ¨k Ck-È-c¢v ©Y¡-פ. jÙ¤-¨J¡-¿-·¢-c¤-¾v
FY¢t Llx-¨h-Ê¢-¨c h-s¢-µ¢-¶® Ck-È-c¢-k¥-¨T Y¢-j¢-µ¤-l-j-l¢-c¤ ±m-h¢-´¤-©Ø¡w
±m£-¨d-j¤«-d-Y¥-j¢v lµ® hc¤-n¬-©f¡«-f¢-c¡v l-b¢-´-¨¸-¶¤. 1991 v hj-X¡-cÉj
fp¤-h-Y¢-i¡-i¢ g¡-j-Y-j-Y®c« cv-J¢.
 l¢.-d¢. o¢«-L®
(1989 V¢-o«-ft 2 h¤Yv 1990 cl«-ft 10 l¨j)
- -h¤u-L¡-h¢-J-¨q-¿¡« A¨¨b-j¬-¨¸¶ hX®Vv J-½£-nu s¢-©¸¡t-¶® cT-¸¢-k¡-´¢
l¢-l¡-a-h¤-Ù¡-´¢i ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢. j¡-Q£-l®L¡-c®b¢ h±É¢-o-g-i¢v A«-L-h¡-i¢-j¢-¨´
dk Ar¢-h-Y¢-©´-o¤-J-q¤« d¤-s-·¤-¨J¡-Ù¤-l¼ o¢«-L¢-¨c ©J¡x-±L-o¢v-c¢-¼®
d¤-s-·¡-´¢.
- 1931 Q¥x 25 c® Ak-p-f¡-a¢v h¡-X®V¡-j¡-Q-l«-m-·¢v Qc¢µ l¢. d¢. o¢«-L®
C©¸¡w o-Q£-l-j¡-n®±T£-i-±d-lt-·c« D©d-È¢-µ¢-j¢-´¤-J-i¡-X®.
 O-±z-©m-Kt
(1990 cl«-ft 10 h¤Yv 1991 Q¥x 21 l¨j)
- -i¤-l-Y¤t-´¢ F¼® As¢-i-¨¸-¶¢-j¤¼ Cª H-×-i¡u 1990 cl«-ft d·¤-hYv 1991 Q¥x
21 l¨j 224 a¢-lo« ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-i¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. D·t-±d-©a-m¢-¨k
C-±f¡-p¢«-d-¶¢-±L¡-h-·¢v 1927 Q¥-k¡-i® H¼¢-c¡-X® Q-c-c«. ©J¡x-±L-o¢-k¥-¨T
lqt-¼® d¢-¼£-T® d¡t-¶¢-l¢-¶¤. c¡-nXv ±e-Ù¢-¨k ±d-b¡-c¢-J-q¢-¨k¡-j¡-q¡-i¢.
 d¢.-l¢. cj-o¢«-p-s¡-l¤
(1991 Q¥x 21 h¤Yv 1996 ©hi® 15 l¨j)
- -¨Y©´ Cɬ-i¢v-c¢-¼¤¾ Ba¬-±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢. B-c®±b-i¢-¨k l«-L¡-j-±L¡-h¢v
1921 Q¥x 28 c® Qc¢µ s¡-l¤ fp¤-g¡-n¡ dX®V¢-Y-c¤« ©c¡-l-k¢-o®×¤-h¡-X®.
a£t-M-J¡-k« Cz¢-j-i¤-¨T-i¤« j¡-Q£-l¢-¨Ê-i¤« h-±É¢-o-g-J-q¢v A«-L-h¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤.
j¡-Q£-l¢-¨Ê h-j-X-©mn« Ab¢-J¡-j-©h× s¡-l¤, 1991 Q¥x 21 ¨Y¡-¶® 1996 ©hi® 15
l¨j Cɬ gj¢-µ¤. o¡-Ø-·¢J D-a¡-j-lv-´jX dj¢-d¡-T¢ ±d-K¬¡-d¢-µ¤. d¢-¼£-T®
A-r¢-h-Y¢-©´-o¤-J-q¢v J¤-j¤-¹¢ j¡-n®±T£-i-·¢v A-±d-o-Ç-c¡-i¢.
 ¨F. ¨J. L¤-Q®s¡w
(1997 G±d¢v 21 h¤Yv 1998 h¡t-µ® 19 l¨j)
- -±d-L-k®g ci-Y-±É-Q®S-c¡i Czt-J¤-h¡t L¤-Q®s¡w 1997 G±d¢v 21 h¤Yv 1997 cl«-ft
28 l¨j ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-i¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. cl«-ft 28 c® j¡-Q¢-l-µ¤. d¤-Y¢i Llx-¨h-ʤ-Ù¡-J¤«-l¨j
Ab¢-J¡-j-·¢v Y¤-Tt-¼¤. ±d-m-o®Y O¢-±Y-J¡-ju oY£-n® L¤-Q®s¡w
o-©p¡-a-j-c¡-X®. 1919 V¢-o«-ft c¡-k¢-c® Al¢-gÇ d-Õ¡-f¢-k¡-X® Qc-c«.
 F-µ®. V¢.
©a-l-Lª-V
(1996 ©hi® 29 h¤Yv 1997 G±d¢v 21 l¨j)
- -d-Y¢-¨c¡-¼¡« ©k¡-J®o-g-i¤-¨T jÙ¡« L-lx-¨h-Ê¢-¨Ê Yk-l-c¡-i¢ 1996 Q¥x
H¼¤-¨Y¡-¶® 1997 G-±d¢v 2 l¨j gj¢-µ¤. d¢-¼£-T® j¡-n®±T£i o-½t-À-·¡v o®Z¡-c-¨h¡-r¢-º.
Jt-Xå¡-T-J-·¢-¨k p-j-a-c-p¾¢ ±L¡-h-·¢-¨k Jt-n-J-J¤-T¤«-f-·¢v 1933 ©hi® 18
c¡X® Qc-c«.
 ATv f¢-p¡-j¢ l¡-Q®©d-i¢
(B-a¬«:- 1996 ©hi® 15 h¤Yv ©hi® 29 l¨j. j-Ù¡-h-©·-Y®: 1998 h¡t-µ® 19 h¤Yv
1999 G±d¢v 17 l¨j. h¥-¼¡-h-Y®: 1999 HJ®©T¡-ft 13 h¤-Yv-)
- -h-a®b¬-±d-©a-m¢-J¨q L§¡-q¢-i-s¢v 1926 V¢-o«-ft 25 c® Qc¢µ l¡-Q®©d-i®,
Jl¢-i¤« l¡-L®h¢-i¤-h¡-X®. Al¢-l¡-p¢-Y-c¡i Ba¬ ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢-i¤-h¡-X®.
Qc-Y¡-L-lx-¨h-Ê¢v h-±É¢-i¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. d¢-¼£-T® f¢.-¨Q.-d¢.-i¤-¨T oh¤-¼Y
©c-Y¡-l¡-i¢. -1996 ©hi® 16 c¡X® Ba¬-h¡-i¢ ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ d-a-©h-×-Y®. AY¤-d©È
13 a¢-lo« (©hi® 29 l¨j) h¡-±Y-h¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤. AY® Hj¤ ¨s-©´¡-V¡-i¢. 1998 h¡t-µ®
19 c® jÙ¡-hY® ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ da-©h-פ. Cª J¡-k-i-q-l¢-k¡-X® C-ɬ-i¤-¨T jÙ¡«
AX¤-l¢-o®©e¡-T-c-l¤« d¡-J¢-o®Z¡-c¤-h¡-i¤¾ o«-Mt-n-h¥t-O®P-i¤« J¡t-L¢v i¤-a®b-l¤«.-
13 h¡-o-h¡-i¢-j¤-¼¤ h±É¢-o-g-i¤-¨T Bi¤-oæ®. 1999 G±d¢v 17 c®
l¢-m§¡-o-©l¡-¶¢v dj¡-Q-i-¨¸¶ ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ j¡-Q¢-l-µ¤.
- -l¡-Q®©di¢ h¥-¼¡-hY® ±d-b¡-c-h-±É¢ da-©h-×Y® 1999 HJ®©T¡-ft 13 c¡-X®.
c¡-k¤-lt-n-l¤« h¥-¼¤-h¡-o-l¤-h¡-i-©¸¡w Y¢-j-¨º-T¤-¸®. (2004 ¨e-±f¤-lj¢ 6
c®) ©k¡-J®og d¢-j¢-µ¤-l¢-¶¤.
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o¡Ø·¢J m¡±oíÑc¡i ±db¡ch±É¢. AY¡X® hu©h¡pu o¢«L®. i¤.d¢.F ot´¡j¢c® ©cY¦Y§«
cvJ¤©Ø¡r¤« ©J¡x±Lo® Ab¬È ©o¡X¢i¡ L¡Ü¢i¤¨T c¢i±ÉX·¢k¡¨X¼¤¾ l¢htmc·¢c® l¢©bih¡i
l¬Ç¢i¡X® hu©h¡pu o¢«L®. F¼¡v, A©hj¢´i¤h¡i¤¾ BXl Jj¡t cT¸¡´¢iY¢k¥¨T Y¡u a¤tfkc¡i
±db¡ch±É¢i¨¿¼® hu©h¡pu o¢«L® ¨Yq¢i¢µ¤.
1932 ¨od®Y«ft 26c® C¼¨· d¡J¢Ì¡c¢¨k dÕ¡f® ±dl¢m¬i¢k¡X® hu©h¡pu o¢«L®
Qc¢µY®. o¢´® J¤T¤«f·¢v Qc¢µ A©Àp« l¢gQc·¢c® ©mn« Cɬi¢©k´® J¤T¢©is¢.
dÕ¡f® otlJk¡m¡ki¢v o¡Ø·¢J m¡±oí« dU¢µ¤. d¢¼£T® ©J«±f¢V®Q® otlJk¡m¡ki¢v f¢ya¡cÉj
f¢ya·¢c® ©Ot¼¤. hu©h¡pu o¢«L® o®©J¡qtn¢©¸¡¨T BX® dUc« cT·¢iY®.
H¡J®o®¨eV® otlJk¡m¡ki¢v c¢¼® ©V¡J®T©sפ« A©Àp« ©cT¢i¢¶¤Ù®. dUc·¢c® ©mn«
AÉ¡j¡±né c¡Xi c¢b¢i¢v hu©h¡pu o¢«L® ©Q¡k¢v ±d©lm¢µ¤. d¢¼£T® Cɬi¢¨k·¢i
A©Àp« Vvp¢ otlJk¡m¡ki¢k¤« Qlptk¡v ¨cp®s¤ otlJk¡m¡ki¢k¤« AÚ¬¡dJc¡i¢y¼¤.
1982 ~v Bo¥±YX J½£nu AÚ¬Èc¡i¢ . 1991 v cjo¢«p s¡l¤ ot´¡j¢v bcJ¡j¬h±É¢i¡i
hu©h¡pu o¢«L¢¨Ê J¡k·¡X® Da¡jlY®JjX cTdT¢Jw´® Y¤T´h¢¶Y®.
1995,2001, 2007 F¼£ ltn¹q¢v j¡Q¬og¡«Lh¡i¢. 1988~2004 J¡kiql¢v j¡Q¬ogi¢v ±dY¢dÈ
©cY¡l¡i¢y¼¤.
L¤vnu Jªs¡X® g¡j¬. Cª aØY¢Jw´® h¥¼® ¨dxh´q¤Ù®.
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